misc:ontology
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misc:ontology [2013/01/10 09:27] jpetrovic [What is an ontology?] |
misc:ontology [2023/06/19 18:03] (current) |
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| ===== What is an ontology? ===== | ===== What is an ontology? ===== | ||
| - | **In modern computer science**((In philosophy,"//ontology is the study of being or existence. It seeks to describe or posit the basic categories and relationships of being or existence to define entities and types of entities.//" - [[http://books.google.hr/books?id=Bp7tSjq0j_MC|Rana, Noman. Small Business - The Art of the Start. Self-Help Publishers, 2009.]])) and information science basic definitions consider an ontology to be: | + | **In modern computer science**((In philosophy, //ontology is the study of being or existence. It seeks to describe or posit the basic categories and relationships of being or existence to define entities and types of entities//. - [[http://books.google.hr/books?id=Bp7tSjq0j_MC|Rana, Noman. Small Business - The Art of the Start. Self-Help Publishers, 2009.]])) and information science basic definitions consider an ontology to be: |
| - | * "//a data model that represents **a set of [[misc:concept|concepts]] within a domain**, and the **relationships between those [[misc:concept|concepts]]**//"(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=Bp7tSjq0j_MC|Rana, Noman. Small Business - The Art of the Start. Self-Help Publishers, 2009.]])) | + | * "//a data model that represents a set of [[misc:concept|concepts]] within a domain, and the relationships between those [[misc:concept|concepts]]//"(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=Bp7tSjq0j_MC|Rana, Noman. Small Business - The Art of the Start. Self-Help Publishers, 2009.]])) |
| - | * "//**an explicit specification of a conceptualization**.//"(([[http://tomgruber.org/writing/ontolingua-kaj-1993.pdf|Gruber, Thomas R. A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Knowledge acquisition, 5: 199-220, 1993.]])) | + | * "//an explicit specification of a conceptualization.//"(([[http://tomgruber.org/writing/ontolingua-kaj-1993.pdf|Gruber, Thomas R. A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Knowledge acquisition, 5: 199-220, 1993.]])) |
| - | * "//an explicit formal specification of the terms in the domain and relations among them//"(([[http://tomgruber.org/writing/ontolingua-kaj-1993.pdf|Gruber, Thomas R. A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Knowledge acquisition, 5: 199-220, 1993.]] cited by [[http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101.pdf|Noy, Natalya F., and Deborah L. Mcguinness. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology, 2001.]])) | + | * "**//an explicit formal specification of the terms in the domain and relations among them.//**"(([[http://tomgruber.org/writing/ontolingua-kaj-1993.pdf|Gruber, Thomas R. A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Knowledge acquisition, 5: 199-220, 1993.]] cited by [[http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101.pdf|Noy, Natalya F., and Deborah L. Mcguinness. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology, 2001.]])) |
| - | In more details, an ontology can be described as: | + | In more details, an ontology usually includes: |
| * a formal explicit description of //**concepts**// or //classes// in a domain of discourse, with | * a formal explicit description of //**concepts**// or //classes// in a domain of discourse, with | ||
| * **properties of each concept** describing various features and attributes of the concept (//slots//, //roles// or //properties//), and | * **properties of each concept** describing various features and attributes of the concept (//slots//, //roles// or //properties//), and | ||
| - | * **restrictions on concept** slots (//facets// or //role restrictions//).(([[http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101.pdf|Noy, Natalya F., and Deborah L. Mcguinness. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology, 2001.]])) | + | * **restrictions on concept** slots (//facets// or //role restrictions//), and |
| - | + | * **instances**, or concrete examples of classes included.(([[http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101.pdf|Noy, Natalya F., and Deborah L. Mcguinness. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology, 2001.]])) | |
| - | An ontology has the following properties:(([[http://books.google.hr/books?id=Bp7tSjq0j_MC|Rana, Noman. Small Business - The Art of the Start. Self-Help Publishers, 2009.]])) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * it is used to reason about the objects in a domain; | + | |
| - | * specifies the classes of concepts and their relations at a higher level than relevant to the domain; | + | |
| - | * captures the intrinsic conceptual structure of a domain; | + | |
| - | * forms the hearth of the knowledge representation within a domain. | + | |
| ===== Why do we need an ontology? ===== | ===== Why do we need an ontology? ===== | ||
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